1.Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;2.National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis and Application Technology (Peking University), Beijing 100871, China;3.Energy Internet Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100089, China;4.School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK;5.School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China

Energy security is an important component of national security. In the context of volatile world patterns and increasing climate risks, ensuring national energy security is of great significance. In 2021, Europe experienced an energy crisis, bringing huge challenges to the political and economic situations of various countries. The main causes of this energy crisis include the economic recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic, the increasing demand for heating due to extreme weather, the radical energy transition policies of European countries, and the changes in the energy landscape resulting from the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The European energy crisis provides certain enlightenment for the policy formulation and technological innovation of China in the energy transition process. This paper first analyzes the current situation, causes, and impacts of the European energy crisis in recent years. Then, the energy resilience enhancement measures taken by various European countries are assessed. Finally, the strategies for addressing the energy crisis are summarized and the policy recommendations are proposed for the development of energy security strategy of China.

This work is supported by National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2022YFB2405600).