1.School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China;2.State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources (North China Electric Power University), Beijing 102206, China;3.Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;4.State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control (Tsinghua University), Beijing 100084, China

In the context of the issues of degraded frequency dynamic performance and prominent frequency stability in the new power system, this paper summarizes aggregation response characteristics and market trading mechanisms of virtual power plants (VPPs) for system frequency response capability enhancement, and provides market-based solutions for the current application difficulties in the distributed resource frequency support technology due to the lack of market mechanism. Firstly, the fundamental principles of frequency dynamic responses of distributed resources and the key supporting technologies required by VPPs are summarized, and the problems existing in providing system frequency support for VPPs are analyzed. Secondly, the frequency aggregation response characteristics of VPPs are refined from the three dimensions of time, space and cost, and the market trading mechanism of VPPs to enhance the system frequency response capability is summarized, including product design, clearing pricing, contribution quantification and settlement assessment. Then, the interaction between the aggregation response characteristics of VPPs and the market trading mechanism is discussed. Finally, the future research focuses of VPPs to enhance the system frequency response capability are prospected.

This work is supported by Key R&D Projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China (No. 2022B01020-2) and State Grid Corporation of China (No. 5108-202218280A-2-383-XG).